Cyber Chip Pocket Card Free Download

October 1, 2015, was the end of the deadline for U.S. citizens to switch to Chip-enabled Credit Cards for making the transactions through swipe cards safer.
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  2. Cyber Chip Pocket Card Free Download For Mac
  3. Cyber Chip Pocket Card Free Download 2017

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Now, a group of French forensics researchers have inspected a real-world case in which criminals played smart in such a way that they did a seamless chip-switching trick with a slip of plastic that it was identical to a normal credit card.
The researchers from the École Normale Supérieure University and the Science and Technology Institute CEA did a combined study of the subject, publishing a research paper [PDF] that gives details of a unique credit card fraud analyzed by them.

What's the Case?
Back in 2011 and 2012, police arrested five French citizens for stealing about 600,000 Euros (~ $680,000) as a result of the card fraud scheme, in spite of the Chip-and-PIN cards protections.

How did the Chip-and-Pin Card Fraud Scheme Work?


On investigating the case, the researchers discovered that the now-convicted criminals actually modified stolen credit cards to insert a second chip inside them, which is:
Capable of spoofing the PIN verification the cards sent to a Point of Sale (POS) terminal.
A strange thing here is, the researchers used microscopic analysis and X-ray scans to look at where the chip-and-pin cards had been tampered with.

Performing Man-in-the-Middle Attack

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The fraudsters took advantage of a long-known vulnerability in Chip-and-PIN systems to perform a 'man-in-the-middle' (MITM) attack.
The flaw is a known protocol vulnerability in Chip and Pin cards that, in 2006, allowed criminals to use a genuine card to make payments without knowing the card's PIN.
Also Read: Smart ATM offers Cardless Cash Withdrawal to Avoid Card Skimmers.
The flaw actually takes advantage of how cards and card readers communicate with each other.
The second hobbyist chip (dubbed a FUNcard) - that the fraudsters inserted onto the card’s original chip - accepts any PIN entry.
Here's How:
A typical EMV transaction involves three steps:
  1. Card authentication
  2. Cardholder verification
  3. Transaction authorization
When a buyer inserts the altered card, the original chip allows to respond with the card authentication as normal. But, during cardholder authorization, the POS system would ask to enter a PIN.
In this case, the fraudster could respond with any PIN, and the fraudulent chip comes into play and will result in a 'YES' signal regardless of whatever random PIN the thief has entered.
'The attacker intercepts the PIN query and replies that it is correct, whatever the code is,' said ENS researcher Rémi Géraud. 'That is the core of the attack.'
The good part is: the vulnerabilities compromised by the fraudsters has been fixed—at least in Europe, the researchers declined to fully detail the new security measures.

What Does the Forensic Analysis say?


The cyber criminals had miniaturized the backpack setup into a tiny FUN card chip, a cheap and programmable device used by DIY hobbyists.
The size of the chip was not larger than the regular security chip used in credit cards. This may increase the thickness of the chip from 0.4mm to 0.7mm, but perfectly feasible when inserted into a PoS system.
The now-convicted criminals stole credit cards and then removed the chip from them, solder it to the FUN card chip, and fixed both chips back-to-back onto the plastic body of another stolen card.
The result was a powerful device that the fraudsters then used to run victims out of their money.
'It was small enough they could fit the whole attack inside the card and use it to buy things in stores…It would be a bit harder to put it into the reader, but not so hard that you’d suspect anything,' Géraud said. 'It was quite clever, quite hard to detect, and for some time they managed to evade detection.'

Role of X-Rays


The researchers could not perform a full tear-down or run any tests that would alter the data on the chip-and-pin card, so they used X-ray scans.

Also Read:How to Freeze Credit Report To Protect Yourself Against Identity Theft.
The researchers examined one of the devices (forged credit cards) with non-invasive X-ray scans, prior to which they discovered a hidden FUNcard logo on a chip inside.
They then reverse engineered the forged card's computational activity by analyzing the way the chips distributed electricity when inserted into a card reader; the timing of the card's power use revealed the occurrence of a man-in-the-middle attack.
To read the full research paper, download this PDF.

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Like the auto industry, camera makers refine and tweak their models for every new year or so. The Sony Cyber-shot RX100 series is a classic example: Barely 12 months after the $800 RX100 Mark III made the scene, the new Mark IV ($1,000) has arrived. We’ve rated every version of the RX100 favorably, and although it’s expensive, it’s one of the pocket cameras available. However, Sony also manages to impress us with new features: Cosmetically the Mark IV looks the same as the Mark III, but it uses a revolutionary “stacked” sensor that’s causing a stir, and, for some users, it may be worth the $200 premium.

Features and design

You’d be hard pressed telling the Mark III and Mark IV apart, but there’s nomenclature etched onto the top deck indicating the model number, the Exmor RS sensor designation, and 4K – the latter highlighting the this compact camera ability to record 3,840 x 2,160 (ultra high definition, or UHD) movies, up from the Full HD of the previous model. There’s also a new setting on the main mode dial, HFR for High Frame Rate, that lets you capture slow-motion clips. These two improvements are made possible thanks to the new sensor, which is able to process more information (more on this later).

Beyond these changes, externally the Mark IV look very similar to the Mark III. They are both compact, black digicams that easily fit in your hand and pocket, although it’s slightly chunkier and heavier than a typical pocket cam (4 x 2.4 x 1.7 inches; 10.5 ounces, with battery and card). But we had no trouble carrying the Mark IV around all day.

On the front is an AF Assist lamp to handle focusing in low light, and the f/1.8-2.8, 2.9x (24-70mm) Zeiss Vario-Sonnar T* lens with a control ring for manual adjustments. If we have to fault the camera, it’d be the limited focal length; we complained about the lack of telephoto range with the Mark III and the same holds true here. If you need a very long zoom, this may not be the camera for you, but for portrait and landscape shots, we have no issues. Plus, Sony is using high-quality optics and, at f/1.8, it’s a fast lens at wide-angle.

The top deck has a mode dial, combo shutter button/zoom lever, and an XGA OLED .39-inch pop-up electronic viewfinder (introduced in the Mark III), making it one of the few compacts with an EVF. We raved about this feature in the Mark III, but it’s even better in the Mark IV, thanks to the improved resolution (2.36 million dots versus 1.44 million). To use, simply press the switch (on the left side of the camera) to pop the EVF up, pull out the screen, and adjust the diopter. Having an EVF is handy for framing, especially when intense sunlight washes away the larger LCD’s visibility. There is no hot shoe for external flashes (not that we think this camera’s user will be using one), but there’s a flash built in.

Card

On the right side are compartments for HDMI and USB/multi-A/V connections, while the left has the NFC (near-field communication) tag and EVF switch.

The back panel is dominated by a 3-inch LCD that flips up 180-degrees for selfies; it can also be angled for shooting overhead or at waist level. The screen is rated 1,228K dots and is very sharp. It would be nice if it were touch-enabled. We encountered no major issues using it, but, as mentioned, when things got too bright, we switched to the EVF.

There’s very little room on the back, so there are just a few buttons and controls to the right of the LCD. There’s red-dot movie record, Function, Menu, Playback and Custom/Delete. The last four buttons surround a jog wheel with center OK button. Press the four points on the ring and you have access to Display, Flash options, exposure compensation, and burst mode/self-timer settings.

Great stills, outstanding video, and loads of features make this an amazing compact cam.

On the bottom is the battery/memory card compartment and tiny pinhole speaker. The battery is rated 280 shots using the LCD, 230 with the EVF. These are not terrific numbers and a spare battery is a must if you’re shooting RAW or Extra Fine JPEGs, or videos at 4K or slow motion. The battery charges inside the camera. Also, make sure you use a high-speed SDXC card if you plan on capturing videos in the XAVC S format; Sony recommends UHS Speed Class 3-rated (U3) media for best results when using the 100 Mbps video setting.

Like all high-end Sony cameras, the Mark IV has Wi-Fi to pair with a smartphone for remote operation or sharing (via the PlayMemories Mobile app for iOS or Android, downloadable from their respective app stores) . Android users with NFC-enabled devices can enable quick pairing by tapping. The camera also supports a variety of PlayMemories apps, which are downloaded onto the camera and allow for different functional and creative shooting modes.

What’s included

Sony supplies the camera, battery, AC adapter for charging, USB cable, wrist strap, and quick-start guides. There’s no software CD but the company offers a free download of Phase One’s Capture One Express (for Sony) to handle images and RAW files.

Warranty

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For the period of one year from the original date of purchase, Sony will, at its option, repair or replace any product or parts determined to be defective, with a new or refurbished product or parts.

Performance and use

The major evolution in the Mark IV is the 1-inch “stacked” 20.1-megapixel CMOS sensor. By adding a DRAM chip to the sensor, processing speed was increased by five times. This allows the camera to record 4K and slow-motion video as well as hitting a top speed of 1/32,000th of a second using the electronic shutter (1/2000 using a mechanical shutter). The RX10 Mark II, announced alongside the Mark IV, uses the same sensor design with a slightly higher 20.2MP resolution, but it too does the same tricks. If you want to geek out, Sony has a detailed description. Most consumers, however, only care about end-results for their investments, so let’s get to it.

We used the camera in a variety of locales including Arizona’s Petrified Forest, idyllic seashores, and family gatherings. The results are outstanding. We also found the camera to be very responsive and fun to use. Controls are logically placed although the movie-record button is too small and hidden to be really convenient. Fortunately, you can customize some of the buttons, so you can reassign the function to the much larger C (Custom) key. We noted the camera’s fast 1/32,000 response, and it’s useful for capturing super-fast-moving objects when shooting in Shutter Priority (we doubt, however, most of us will be shooting race cars or bullets). Also nice is the 5.5-frames-per-second (fps) burst mode. If these specs look over-the-top for a pocket camera, you’d be right – it’s one of the reasons this is such a fine camera.

The DT Accessory Pack

Up your game and the get the most out of your gear with the following extras, hand-picked by our editors:

SanDisk Extreme Pro UHS-I/U3 64GB SDXC Card ($30)

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To take advantage of the RX100 IV’s highest settings, you need a fast card with a large-enough capacity (get more if you can afford it).

Sony NP-BX1 Battery ($36)

Pocket

The RX100 IV doesn’t have great battery life, so packing a spare is useful.

Sony Premium Jacket Case ($54)

Keep this pricey camera well-protected with this special case that gives it a luxurious feel.

Thanks to the new sensor, one of the Mark IV’s coolest features is High Frame Rate recording to capture super-slow-motion videos. While you can capture slo-mo with the latest smartphones, they don’t let you fine-tune the speed like the Mark IV does. Just turn the mode dial to HFR, go into to the menu system to pick a quality level, such as 60p/30p/24p (all at 50 Mbps) – we used 30p – which impacts the slow-motion speed. At 30p, you can shoot 8x slo-mo at 240 fps, at almost Full HD (the “x” refers to the slo-mo speed, so the larger the number, the slower the video); 16x at 480 fps, and 32x at 960 fps (resolution dips as you increase the speed). At 24p, you can reach 40x at 960 fps. You’re not limited to shooting in auto as you also can pick between HFR Program Auto, Aperture and Shutter Priority, as well as Manual. You can also enter a Start Trigger and an End Trigger. With Start you get the action that occurs once you press the shutter. With End, it uses the material in the buffer. This might sound a bit complicated but it’s really not once you start handling the camera and playing with the settings.

When we did a hands-on test of the RX10 Mark II we had loads of great slow-motion subjects including paint ball and balloon explosions, as well as flying chalk and MMA fighters. The HFR systems of the new RX10 II/RX100 IV are the same so you can see the fun and creative potential for this setting. We’re sure YouTube will be filled with these slow-motion clips in the months ahead.

There is a drawback with HFR: The Mark IV creates an MP4 file from the captured material in-camera. That means you have to wait for the video to be processed before you can shoot again. The longer your file – say 960 fps –the longer you’ll have to wait. That’s why we settled on 480 fps; Sony recommends 30p at 480 fps for optimal results.

Video quality has been kicked up several notches with the Mark IV. Along with AVCHD and XAVC S Full HD clips you can also capture true 4K XAVC S movies (3,840 x 2,160) at a variety of frame rates and bit rates. We set the camera to 30p at 100 Mbps, which requires a UHS-3 card. The camera shoots quite well in low light, and the optical image stabilization system works very well, no matter indoors or out.

1 of 6

The Mark IV has a native ISO range of 125-12,800 but 80 and 100 are available in manual modes. We’d feel confident shooting to ISO 2,500 but a few concert shots taken at ISO 4,000 were quite noisy. Still, with the wide aperture and good stabilization you should be fine shooting in low light.

The camera has built-in Wi-Fi and an NFC tag for Android devices. There were no issues linking the Mark IV and a Samsung Galaxy S5 loaded with PlayMemories Mobile. Copying images from the camera to the phone took no time.

Conclusion

Like the RX100 Mark III, the Mark IV earns our Editor’s Choice. This small package is expensive and it’s a niche camera, but it’s possibly the best compact digicam you can buy; there is some truly amazing enhanced performance over its predecessor and the competition. Great stills, outstanding video, a bright lens, and loads of features that’ll keep advanced photographers spending days delving into all the sophisticated options, despite the short zoom.

Highs

  • 1-inch, 20.1MP “stacked” CMOS sensor
  • Outstanding photos and videos
  • 4K and super-slow-motion modes
  • Improved EVF

Lows

  • Even pricier than before
  • Limited focal range
  • Mediocre battery life

Update December 21, 2017: Sony has since released a new version of the RX100, the RX100 V. The Mark IV remains on in the product lineup — along with older models — and is still available new. This review was originally published on August 24, 2015.